The Problem of Distorting Luke 1 28
The problem of distorting Luke 1-28
A new distortion problem has been added to the list of problems that surfaced with the discovery of the manuscripts of the Bible. The problem is related to the text in the Gospel of Luke, Chapter 1, Verse 28
[Van Dyke][Lk. 1.28][And the angel came in to her and said, “Greetings, O highly favored one! The Lord is with you! Blessed are you among women.”]
The Problem
The problem is represented in 4 points
: The first point: This text in this form continued to be used by Christians over the long centuries… until the manuscripts were discovered and it was shown that there were three differences in the form of the text among the early manuscripts: 1Reading the deletion: There are some manuscripts in which the text stops at the word “The Lord is with you” without the addition that says “Blessed are you among women” 2Reading the first addition: Some manuscripts add the phrase “Blessed are you among women” 3Reading the second addition: Some manuscripts mention the text and then add two phrases, which are “Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb” = σοῦ. ( The second point is that the printed Greek, English and Arabic versions also differ from each other. Some versions add the phrase (Blessed are you among women) and others delete it. The third point is that the critical printed versions also differ from each other. These are the versions that depend on the study of manuscripts in forming their own biblical text. The fourth point is that there is no definitive rule that enables us to know the correct reading with certainty. There are only guesses and assumptions about the available information: -
The oldest Greek manuscripts do not contain the addition (Blessed are you among women), as the oldest three Greek manuscripts of this verse do not contain this addition, which are:
- Codex Sinaiticus from the 4th century
- Codex Vaticanus from the 4th century
- Codex Washington from the 4th century
In addition to other manuscripts, but they are later in time.
The oldest Greek manuscript supporting the reading of the addition (Blessed are you among women) is from the fifth century and it is:
- The Alexandrian manuscript
- The Ephraimite manuscript
- The Beza manuscript
The Greek manuscripts that support the deletion reading are older than those that support the addition reading, and the manuscripts that support the addition reading are more numerous than those that support the deletion reading, but they are later in time.
Both deletion and addition readings are supported by translations. The translations that support deletion reading are: - Sahidic Coptic from the late third century and the beginning of the fourth century
- Bohairic Coptic from the fourth century
- Palestinian Syriac translation from the sixth century
- Armenian translations (chronologically late)
- Georgian translations (chronologically late)
Supporting translations for reading the addition are: -
- Latin translations after the fourth century (Old Latin + Vulgate)
- Syriac Peshitta from the fifth century
- Syriac Diatessaron from the sixth century
- Syriac Heraclian from the sixth century
- Ethiopic and Slavonic translations (late in time)
Both the addition and deletion readings have patristic evidence.
.
Both the addition and deletion readings are supported by more than one text family (text family: is the type of manuscript, as the manuscripts of the Bible differ from each other in that each geographical region produced manuscripts with special readings different from the readings of the second region, so four main text families appeared: manuscripts of the Alexandrian text, the Caesarean, the Western, and the Byzantine).
· Critical printed versions: (these are the versions that depend on studying manuscripts in order to form the text of the New Testament)
- The majority of critical versions decided to delete the paragraph.
- Most critical versions that use the rule (the oldest is the most correct) as a rule among the rules of preference chose to delete the paragraph.
- Critical versions that use the rule (the most is the most correct) chose to add the paragraph.
Most printed Greek versions omitted the paragraph.
Most printed English versions omit the paragraph.
Most Arabic versions printed in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries deleted the paragraph.
Regarding the timeline of the text’s status in printed versions, it is as follows:
- From the 15th to the 18th century, most printed copies in all languages contain the paragraph.
- From the 19th to the 21st century, most printed copies in all languages delete the paragraph.
Most textual criticism scholars said that the paragraph is not authentic.
Discussion:
First, we will review some of the rules of criticism used by most scholars:
1- (The Greek manuscripts of the Bible are the basis, as the translations and writings of the fathers are merely support and not evidence in themselves)
2The reading supported by the oldest manuscripts is preferred
3The reading supported by the best manuscripts is preferred
4The shorter reading is preferred, especially when the longer reading shows signs of assimilation
5The reading supported by family diversity is preferred
6The reading supported by geographical distribution is preferred
7The reading that explains the reason for the appearance of other readings is preferred
Not a single one of these rules is certain. Rather, they are all speculative, and they all have opponents. Therefore, the issue here is merely a possibility, and no one will ever be able to go outside the realm of possibility. Any rule that is stated will remain speculative.
The deletion reading has support for all rules from (1-6), while the addition reading has support for rules from (5,6) only, as follows:
- The oldest Greek manuscripts support the deletion reading, and this settles the first and second rules in favor of the deletion reading.
- The Greek evidence for the deletion reading is of the first level in terms of trustworthiness, as textual scholars divide the evidence in terms of quality and trustworthiness into levels. For example:
1The layers of the famous scholar Kurt Aland:
We will find that there are two witnesses from the fourth century from the first level in favor of the deletion reading, and there is no witness from the first level for the addition reading at all, as Alexandria is from the third level in the Gospels, Ephraim is the second level, and Pisa is the third level.
2The Layers of the Famous Scholar Viland Felker
According to Viland Felker’s division, we will find 3 evidences from the first level from the fourth century and the end of the fourth century in favor of the deletion reading
and only one manuscript from the fifth century from the first level in favor of the addition reading.
3The layers of the famous scholar Philip Comfort:
According to Philip Comfort’s division, we have 4 manuscripts from the first level that testify to the deletion reading (Sinai – Vatican – Washington – Regis)
and one manuscript from the first level that testifies to the addition reading (Ephraimite).
4The World’s Layers, Robert Waltz, author of the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism: -
Manuscripts supporting the reading of deletion from the first level: 2, which are the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, and from the second level, the Regis manuscript, and from the third level, the Lafrenzis manuscript and the Washington manuscript
- Manuscripts supporting the reading of addition from the first level: none, and from the second level: the Ephraimite, and from the fourth level: the Alexandrian and Pisa manuscripts.
· Applying Rule No. 4 (shorter reading is preferred, especially when signs of alliteration appear on the longer reading)
Here the reading of deletion is the shortest, of course, and the reading of addition shows the phenomenon of alliteration, which is that the copyists use other texts in the New or Old Testament as a source of inspiration for the addition they added, and the sign of the occurrence of alliteration is the presence of the text in another place in the Holy Book, and indeed the paragraph (Blessed are you among women) is found in verse number 42 of the same chapter, which means the occurrence of alliteration.
Scholars have arrived at this rule by observing the copyists’ tendency to add more than their tendency to delete.
· Applying Rule No. 7:-
(The reading that explains the reason for the appearance of other readings is the preferred one)
If the original reading in the lost original was the reading of addition, then what is the justification that would make the Christian copyist delete this passage for the reading of deletion to appear? There is no
other way. Unlike if the original reading in the lost original was the reading of deletion, then there is a justification for the appearance of the reading of addition, which is the sanctification of Mary.
The final result:
-
Differences occur in everything:
1In ancient manuscripts
2In modern printed versions in all languages
3In ancient translations
4In treating the problem -
There is no single, certain rule that can be applied to determine the correct reading.. The matter is just a guess
-
According to the available rules, the most correct reading is the reading of deletion
Conclusion
The existence of differences between manuscripts, along with differences in the methods of preference among scholars of textual criticism, along with the absence of any certain method to determine right from wrong, along with the existence of extreme differences in printed versions, proves the occurrence of distortion
Information
They said about this problem: -
Philip Comfort:
- The paragraph is an addition taken from issue 42, absent from most modern editions
UBS 5th
-
The correct reading, with a grade of A, is the deletion reading. Frederick
Weiss: -
This paragraph is a later addition inspired by issue 42.
Viland Felker:
- The deletion reading is clearly the original reading based on the available evidence.
Bruce Metzger:
- The correct reading is the deletion reading, and there is no justification for the deletion reading to appear if the addition reading was the original.
Bruce Terry:
- The correct reading is the deletion reading, and the addition reading is taken from issue 42.
Nestle-Aland NA28:
- The deletion reading is the correct reading.
Philip Schaff & Matthew Riedel:
- This paragraph is omitted from the best manuscripts.
Henry Alford:
- This paragraph is an addition from issue 42,
Net Bible version:
The marks of the later addition are visible on the paragraph, and the most important manuscripts omit it.
Charles Ellicott:
This paragraph is omitted from many of the best Manuscripts
Cambridge Bible Commentary:
This passage is of doubtful authenticity
Pulpit Commentary :
These words should be ignored, as they are absent from the oldest witnesses
EW Bullinger ‘s Companion Bible Notes:
These words were probably taken from text 42 and inserted here
John Damelus Commentary:
These words are omitted from many good witnesses
Henrik Myers:
Omitted from many witnesses, questioned by Griesbach and omitted by Tschendorff, they are added from verse 42
A Robertson:
This passage is not found in the oldest manuscripts except in Luke 1:42
Vincent:
All excellent manuscripts omit this passage
Philip Schaff:
This part of the text is rejected, and is taken from text 42
· Text format in printed copies:
(1) Arabic translations:
Among the nine modern Arabic translations, which are twentieth-century and late nineteenth-century translations, only one contains the passage, which is the Van Dyke translation and its interpretive translation, Al-Hayat,
but the remaining seven translations omit the passage
: 1- [Van Dyke][Lk. 1.28][Then the angel came in to her
and said, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you; blessed are you among women.”] 2- [Life][Lk. 1.28][Then the angel came in and said
to her, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you: blessed are you among women.”] 3- [Common][Lk. 1.28][The angel came in to her and said, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”]
4- [Simplified][Lk. 1.28][Then Gabriel came to her and said, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”] ]
5- [Jesus][Lk.1.28][ And he came in to her and said, “Rejoice, you who are highly favored, the Lord is with you.” ]
6- [Sarah][Lk.1.28][ And the angel came in to her and said, “Peace be upon you, you who are highly favored, the Lord is with you.” ]
7- [Sheriff][Lk.1.28][So he came and said to her, “Hail, highly favored one! The Lord is with you.”]
8- [Catholic][Lk.1.28][So he came in to her and said, “Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with you.”]
9- [Paulian][Lk.1.28][When the angel came in to her, he said to her, “Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with you.”]
Browse the Arabic versions online
https://www.bible.com/ar/bible/195/jhn.1.sat
A table showing the form of the text in Arabic translations over time: -
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https://www.bible.com/ar/bible/195/jhn.1.sat
يُوحَنَّا 1 | ترجمة ت ع م للكتاب المقد…
يَسُوعُ المَسِيحُ كَلِمَةُ الله
It appears from the table that with the emergence of the science of textual criticism, the form of the text in translations has changed. The translations that preceded the twentieth century are in a different state than those that appeared in the twentieth century. Late nineteenth
green = the clip is present
red = the clip is deleted
yellow = is present with a comment in the margin
#- 1864 edition:
The version put the paragraph between two quotation marks and then stated that the passage does not exist in the Coptic manuscripts.
#- 1935 edition:
I mentioned in the margin that the text is not found in the Coptic manuscripts.
- Joint Arabic Translation 1993
Section deleted
(2) English translations:-
Links to browse the English versions
https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/New-Revised-Standard-Version-Catholic-Edition-NRSVCE-Bible/
http://studybible.info/version/AUV
Table of the English versions from the fourteenth to the twenty-first century, with an explanation of the versions that contain the paragraph and the versions that delete it
Total English versions = 150
Total versions of the 21st and 20th centuries = 97
Percentage of versions that add the paragraph in the 21st and
20th centuries = 25% Percentage of versions that delete the paragraph in the 20-21st centuries = 75%
Percentage of versions that add the paragraph: Versions that delete the paragraph in the 19th century = 60% : 40%
Percentage of versions that add the paragraph: Versions that delete the paragraph in the centuries (18, 17, 16, 14) = 95% : 5%
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https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/New-Revised-Standard-Version-Catholic-Edition-NRSVCE-Bible/
A Graph Showing the Change in the Percentage of Copies that Add Text over Time
We conclude from this diagram that over time the versions that delete the paragraph increase and the versions that add
it decrease. Tables of 150 English versions that show the state of the text in them:
Missing Link (to Be added)
-Some Translations that Delete the Paragraph: 25 Translations
ASV Luke 1:28 And he came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with them.
CJB Luke 1:28 Approaching her, the angel said, “Shalom, favored lady! ADONAI is with you!”
CSB Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her and said, “Rejoice, favored woman! The Lord is with you.”1
BBE Luke 1:28 And the angel came in to her and said, Peace be with you, to whom special grace has been given; the Lord is with you.
ERV Luke 1:28 And he came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with them.
ESV Luke 1:28 And he came to her and said, “Greetings, Ao favored one, bthe Lord is with you!“1
GWN Luke 1:28 When the angel entered her home, he greeted her and said, “You are favored by the Lord! The Lord is with you.”
NAB Luke 1:28 And coming to her, he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with you.”
NAS Luke 1:28 And coming in, he said to her, “Hail, 1 favored one! The Lord 2is with 3you.”
NAU Luke 1:28 And coming in, he said to her, “Greetings, 1 favored one! The Lord 2is with you.”
NET Luke 1:28 The88 angel89 came90 to her and said, “Greetings, favored one,91 the Lord is with you!“92
NIB Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favoured! The Lord is with you.”
NLT Luke 1:28 Gabriel appeared to her and said, “Greetings
, favored woman! The Lord is with you!”
NIRV Luke 1:28 The angel greeted her and said, “The Lord has given you special favor. He is with you.”
NIV Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”
NJB Luke 1:28 He went in and said to her, ‘Rejoice, you who enjoy God’s favour! The Lord is with you.’
NRS Luke 1:28 And he came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one! The Lord is with you.”
TNIV Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”
NIVO Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”
CSBO Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her and said, “Rejoice, favored woman! The Lord is with you.”1
NABO Luke 1:28 And coming to her, he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with you.”
ROT Luke 1:28 and entering into her, he said—Joy to thee, favored one! The Lord, be with them!
NOY Luke 1:28 And the angel came in to her and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored! The Lord is with them.
AERG Luke 1:28 And enter to she say hello favor-highly the Lord be-with you
- Some translations that write the paragraph: 16 translations
DBY Luke 1:28 And the angel came in to her, and said, Hail, thou favored one! The Lord is with them: blessed art thou amongst women.
DRA Luke 1:28 And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.
ETH Luke 1:28 And the angel entered into her, and said to her, Peace to you, full of grace! Our Lord is with you, you are blessed among women!
GNV Luke 1:28 And the Angel went in vnto her, and said, Haile thou that art freely beloued: the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.
KJV Luke 1:28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.1
MGI Luke 1:28 And the angel approached her and said to her, “Peace to you, [one] full of grace! Our Lord [is] with you, blessed [one] of women.”
MIT Luke 1:28 He approached her and said, “Be glad, because you have been chosen for blessing! Yahveh is with you.”
NKJ Luke 1:28 And having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, highly favored one, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among women1!”
PNT Luke 1:28 And the Angel went in vnto her, and said: Hayle [thou that art] freelie beloued, the Lord is with thee, blessed art thou among women.
RWB Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with them: blessed art thou among women.
TNT Luke 1:28 And the angell went in vnto her and said: Hayle full of grace the Lord is with the: blessed arte thou amonge wemen.
WEB Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her, and said, Hail, {thou that art} highly favored, the Lord {is} with thee: blessed {art} thou among women.
YLT Luke 1:28 And the messenger having come in unto her, said, ‘Hail, favored one, the Lord is with them; blessed art among women;’
BERG Luke 1:28 and enter the angel to she say hello favor-highly the Lord be-with you be-favored you-intensive with woman
BTGNT Luke 1:28 and into-come the message toward self say joy-cause the lord after you well-account-do you in woman
RPTE Luke 1:28 Having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, you highly favored one! women.” 1
Links to some English versions that delete the
HSE
https://www.o-bible.com/ob?version=bbe&book=luk&chapter=1
NIRV
the massage bible
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1&version=MSG
Open English Bible
http://openenglishbible.org/oeb/2016.1/study/
world messianic bible
https://ebible.org/engwmb/LUK01.htm
Easy-to-Read Version
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1&version=ERV
The Holy Bible In Modern English
https://www.bazinta.com/?b=41&c=1&v=1&t=RF
Amplified Bible
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1&version=AMP
A Conservative Version
http://studybible.info/ACV/Luke
JUBILEE BIBLE 2000
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biblicaafischer
Luke 1 - New International Version NIV
Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed down to us by those who
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https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1&version=MSG
Bible Gateway passage: Luke 1 - The Message
So many others have tried their hand at putting together a story of the wonderful harvest of Scripture and history that took place among us, using reports handed down by the original eyewitnesses who served this Word with their very lives. Since I have investigated all the reports in close detail, starting from the story’s beginning, I decided…
New European Version
God’s Word Translation
http://www.biblestudytools.com/gw/luke/1.html
The Living Bible
The New American Bible
https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/__PWK.HTM
Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition
The New Testament in Modern English
Montgomery New Testament
http://studybible.info/MNT/Luke
Images of some English versions that delete the passage:-
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http://www.biblestudytools.com/gw/luke/1.html
Luke 1 - GW - Bible Study Tools
Luke 1 Many have attempted to write about what had taken place among us. They received their information from those who had been eyewitnesses and servants of God’s word from the beginning, and they passed it on to us. I, too, have followed everything closel… Read verse in GOD’S WORD Translation
Images of Some English Versions that Delete the passage:-
George Noyes 1878
GoodSpeed 1931
# Link text
(3) The Form of the Text in the Greek Versions: -
Link to browse the text in the various Greek versions
https://biblehub.com/text/luke/1-28.htm
Other browsing links
https://www.die-bibel.de/en/en/home/scholarly-editions/greek-new-testament/greek-new-testament
http://http://studybible.info/version/
Table showing the status of the passage in the Greek versions over time
A graph showing the change in the status of a paragraph over time.
It is clear from the graph that the number of copies that delete text increases over time.
- All traditional versions contain the paragraph. These are versions that do not rely in their formation on the study of manuscripts, but rather on a text prepared by a scholar named Erasmus in the sixteenth century, based on only 7 Greek manuscripts
. - Critical versions that use the rules of textual criticism: -
Of the 13 critical versions, 10 deleted the paragraph, two added the paragraph, and one placed the paragraph in parentheses to question its authenticity.
Critical versions that use the rules of textual criticism are the versions that formed their text based on an extensive study of manuscripts and used different rules of textual criticism.
- Critical versions that use the rule “the most is the most correct” added the paragraph.
These are the versions that consider the most correct reading to be the reading found in the largest number of manuscripts, regardless of the date of these manuscripts and regardless of the diversity of geographical support and textual families of the manuscripts.
A table showing the support of critical versions for each reading:
(1) Traditional Versions
· Revised Patriarchal Greek Orthodox NT
RPT Version Luke 1:28 γυναιξίν
· Trinitarian Bible TBT Luke 1:28 ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς αὐτὴν εἶπε, Χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ Κύριος μετά σου, εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Greek Vamvas Bible MGK Version Luke 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ· εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Scrivener SCR Version Luke 1:28 ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς κεχαριτωμένη · ὁ Κύριος μετά σου, εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Robert Stephanus STE Version Luke 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Greek New Testament of the Greek Orthodox Church GOC Luke 1:28 Critical copies that add the paragraph: - · Griesbach GRI-05 Luke1:28 ὁ ἄγγελος κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ· εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Karl Lachmann LACH Version Luke 1:28 ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς Versionand William Pierpont Byzantine BYZ Luke 1:28 Καὶ εἰσελθὼν 1 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ, εὐλογημένη2 σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. (3) Versions that mention the passage and then place a mark around it questioning its authenticity, such as a star or parentheses: - Samuel Triggels Version TRG2 Luke 1:28 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ, γυναιξίν.] Metaglottisis Modern Greek Version MET Luke 1:28 είπε: Χαίρε, κεχαριτωμένη541, ο Κύριος είναι μαζί σου. [Ευλογημένη εσύ μεταξύ των γυναικών]. · Emphatic Diglott version 1864 1:28 Χαίρε, κεχαριτωμένη541, ο Κύριος είναι μαζί σου. [Ευλογημένη εσύ μεταξύ των γυναικών]. · Karl Godfried and Oscar Leo Bold Version 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη541, ο Κύριος είναι μαζί σου. *Ευλογημένη εσύ μεταξύ των γυναικών. (4) Critical copies that delete the paragraph: - · Copy
Tischendorf
TIS Luke 1:28 ἄγγελος εἶπεν· χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ.
· Von Soden VST version Luke 1:28 χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Nestlé Aland Version 27-28 NA27 Luke 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. NA28 Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · International Monetary Committee Version UBS UBS4/5 Luke 1:28 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Henry Alford Version ALF Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Westcoat and Hurt Version WHT Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Bouvier Version JMB Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · SBL Version SBL Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Von Geberdt’s version 1884 Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · IVAN PANIN 1934 Version Luke 1:28 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. A table of all Greek versions over time
The table shows the change in the status of the text over time, as the number of versions that delete the passage increases with time.
Some Greek versions delete the passage, place it in parentheses, or place a star before it.
Carl Gottfried & Wilhelm Theile 1875
Text Form in Manuscripts: -
The text in the five major manuscripts is written in capital letters.
‘Capitalization of the Text + the Missing Section from the Manuscripts
Link to browse the text Greek English
https://bibletranslation.ws/manu.html
Table by the scholar David Robert Palmer on the history of manuscripts
https://nltinterlinear.com/Luke.1.1-80/interlinear
A chart showing the form of the text in Greek manuscripts in the fourth and fifth centuries.
We will notice that the manuscripts in the fourth century delete the paragraph, then the situation changed in the fifth century, so the manuscripts began to contain the paragraph
(1) The Sinaiticus manuscript from the fourth century:
- Link to the official website of the manuscript
: http://www.codexsinaiticus.org/en/
{Embed}
http://www.codexsinaiticus.org/en/
Codex Sinaiticus - Home
Codex Sinaiticus is one of the most important books in the world. Handwritten well over 1600 years ago, the manuscript contains the Christian Bible in Greek, including the oldest complete copy of the New Testament. The Codex Sinaiticus Project is an international collaboration to reunite the entire manuscript in digital form and make it accessib…
Transcription of the Sinaiticus text in English
CODEX SINAITICUS: The New Testament in English, Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript, Discovered by Constantine Tischendorf at Mt. Sinai by H. T. Anderson And began in 1861 ―ANT)‖ Edited by Jackson Snyder Roy Shurtleff Miller
Mr. Anonymous Copyright ©2004 Jackson H. Snyder II all rights reserved
The clip is missing.
(2) The Vatican manuscript from the fourth century:
Link to browse the Vatican manuscript
https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_03
The clip is missing
Transcription of the Vatican manuscript,
the section is missing
(3) Washington Manuscript from the fifth century:-
Washington Manuscript View Link
http://www.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_032
(4) Transcription of the text of the Bohairic Coptic manuscripts:
The Coptic version of the new testament in the northern dialect, Vol. 2
(5) Transcription of the Coptic Saadi manuscripts
The Coptic version of the new testament in the southern dialect, Vol 2
International Monetary Committee UBS 5th : -
Luke 1:28
{A} σοῦ. BLW Ψ f1 565 579 700 1241 syrpal copsa, bo arm geo origenlem Ps-Gregory-Thaumaturgus Peter-Alexandriaacc. to Cyril Serapion Gregory-Nyssavid Epiphanius Hesychius John-Damascus; Jerome Quodvultdeus // σοῦ. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. (see 1:42) ACD Δ Θ 0233 f13 28 33 157 180 205 597 892 1006 1010 1243 1292 1342 1424 1505 Byz [EGH] Lect ita, aur, b, c, d, e, f, ff2, l, q, r1 vg syrp, h copbomss eth slav Diatessaron Eusebius Ps-Athanasius Theodotus-Ancyravid; Tertullian Ambrose Augustine // σοῦ. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξὶν and κοιλίας σου. (see 1:42) 1071l 1074
Aland, B., Aland, K., Karavidopoulos, J., Martini, C. M., & Metzger, B. (Eds.). (2014). The Greek New Testament: Apparatus (Fifth Revised Edition, pp. 192–193). Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft; American Bible Society; United Bible Societies.
- The committee chose to read the deletion with a grade of A, which means that they are sure of the correctness of their choice
(1) Evidences supporting the reading of the deletion:
First, the Greek manuscripts
: 1The Sinaiticus manuscript from the fourth century.
2The Vaticanus manuscript from the fourth
century. 3The Washington manuscript from the late fourth century . 4The Regis manuscript
from the eighth
century. 5The Lafrenzes manuscript 044 from the tenth century.
6Family of manuscripts No. 1.
7Several manuscripts with small letters, such as 565, 579, 700, 1241.
Second, the Syriac translations:
Palestinian Syriac from the sixth century .
Third, the Coptic translations:
- Sahidic Coptic manuscripts from after the fourth century
. - Bohairic Coptic manuscripts from after the fifth century. Fourth
, other translations: -
Armenian
- Georgian. Fifth,
the Fathers:
1St. Peter the Thaumaturgus
2Gregory of Nyssa
3Epiphanius
4Hesychius
5John of Damascus
6Jerome
7Quodvultadaeus of Carthage
(2) Evidence supporting the reading of the addition εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν = Blessed are you among women:
First: Greek manuscripts:
1Alexandrian from the fifth century
2Ephraimite from the fifth century
3Sangaliensis 039 from the ninth century
4Coriditheanus 038 from the ninth century
5Manuscript 0233 from the eighth century
6Family manuscripts No. 13
7Most of the manuscripts of small letters (late in time)
8Manuscript E = 07 from the eighth century
9Manuscript 09 = F from the ninth century
10Manuscript 013 = H from the ninth century
Second: Latin translations:
1Versilensis a from the fourth century
2Aureus aur from the eighth century
3Veronensis from the fifth century
4Colbertinus c from the twelfth century
5Pisa from the fifth century
6Platinus from the fifth century
7Corbinses ff2 from the fifth
century 8Brixianus f
from the sixth century 9Monacensis q from the seventh century
10Osirian r1 from the seventh century
11Vulgate
Third: Syriac translations:
- Peshitta Syriac from the fifth century
- Heraclian Syriac from the sixth century
Fourth: Coptic translations:
- One Bohemia Coptic manuscript
Fifth: Other translations:
- Diatessaron
- Ethiopian manuscripts
- Slavonic manuscripts
Sixth: Fathers:
- Eusebius
- Pseudo-Athanasius
- Theodotius
- Tertullian
- Ambrose
- Augustine
(3) Evidence supporting the reading σοῦ. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξὶν and κοιλίας σου. = (Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb)
- Greek manuscript 1071
- Liturgical Book No. 1074
The Famous Nestle-Aland Critical Edition NA 28
It chose the deletion reading as the correct reading and mentioned the supporting evidence for each reading.
Nestle, E., & Nestle, E. (2012). Nestle-Aland: NTG Apparatus Criticus. (B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, & B. M. Metzger, Eds.) (28. Revidierte Auflage, p. 179). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. 28 ⸂ ο αγγελος προς
αυτην ACDK Γ ƒ13 33.892.
αγγελος Δ 579. 700
¦ txt BLW Θ Ξ Ψ ƒ1 565. 1241 syp sa bopt
⸆ (42) ευλογημενη συ εν γυναιξιν ACDKΓΔ Θ ƒ13 33. 892. 1424. 2542. l 2211 latt sy bomss; Eus
¦ txt BLW Ψ ƒ1 565. 579. 700. 1241 co; Orlem Epiph
· The critical apparatus ( Novum Testamentum Graece (8th ed. by the famous scholar Tischendorf): -
He mentioned 4 different readings: -
1The reading of deletion.. and mentioned its evidence
2The reading of addition (Blessed are you among women εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν) and mentioned its evidence
3The reading of addition (Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb εὐλογημένος ὁ kαρπὸς τῆςsun is shining)
and its evidence is manuscript 013H= from the ninth century and manuscript 017= K from the ninth century and manuscript 019= L from the eighth century
4Addition reading (And a voice said, Blessed are you among women, O full of grace, for the sun is appointed by you)
meta sou sine additam (Gb’ prob Schu) cum a01 B03 L019 We vid050 1.1. 131.131. 44ev 2pe565. ** sahmunt cop syrhr arm Chron372 Dam1,204 et555 cat11 1.28 lin. 11 post cat11 adde Petr (al 47 Routh) Ps-Tit (man 82 lag) Promise… j Ln add the Euloghmenh su en gunaixin (:: e versu 42) cum A02 C04 D05 [Gabriel], inter mulieres, non inter virgines deputat: Benedicta tu inter mulieres. Sciebat and angelus mulierem etiam virginem dici.) Praeterea (:: ex eodem versu 42) 47.47. gat Andcret 103 add kai euloghmenoj o karpoj thj koiliaj sou) Cf huc Protiac 11,1: kai idou fwnh legousa\ caire kecaritwmenh( o kur) meta sou( euloghmenh su en gunaixin (ultima ex cdd pler; om vero H013 K017 ; L019 add kai euloghmenoj o carb) thj koil) sou.
Philip Comfort
mentioned the manuscripts supporting each reading and then said:
“This addition - blessed are you among women - is taken from verse 42. Only the reading is found in the King James Version and its new edition. Other modern versions do not have this addition. These modern versions have mentioned this addition in the margin out of respect for the King James Version.”
(The variant reading is an expansion borrowed from 1:42, where it is Elizabeth who says that Mary is “blessed among women.” KJV and NKJV reflect the expansion of TR, whereas the modern versions do not. (It is only out of respect to the KJV tradition that the variant is noted in many of the modern versions.)
· Flinders Felker
After mentioning the evidence supporting each of the three readings, he said:
- The text in the Diatessaron is not found in the place where it should be, which is Luke 12:2 in the Diatessaron
- According to Frederick Weiss, the passage is an addition inspired by verse 42
- The reading of deletion is clearly the original reading according to the evidence
TVU 2
NA27 Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ.
BYZ Luke 1:28 Καὶ εἰσελθὼν 1 κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ, εὐλογημένη2 σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν.
Byz A, C, D
,
γυναιξίν
. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξὶν and B
: umlaut ! (p. 1305, A 17 L) 28 … sou/ 29 h` de. evpi. tw/| lo,gw| (It is not clear if this umlaut indicates this variant or the next one.) Diatessaron: Arabic: Et ingressus Angelus ad eam, dixit ei: Ave, gratia plena: Dominus noster tecum, o benedicta in mulieribus. Ephrem: He [the angel] began the sowing of the seed thus, Peace be with you, blessed among women. Elizabeth, a second voice, sealed it, You are blessed among women [1:42]. The words then are omitted at 12:2, the position where they are in Luke. Probably copied from verse 42 (so Weiss). Note 1071! There is no reason for an omission. Streeter notes (Four Gospels, p. 123-4) that 565 adds the words in the margin with the note “not found in the ancient copies.” External Rating: 2 (NA clearly original) (after weighting the witnesses)
The Scholar Bruce Metzger
(The most correct reading with a high degree of certainty is the reading of deletion. Although many manuscripts, including most of the manuscripts of small print, support the reading of addition, what appears to be the source of the addition is number 42, and there is no justification for the copyists to delete this addition if it was the reading found in the original copies.)
( 1:28 σοῦ {A}
Although many witnesses (including ACD Θ and most minuscules, followed by the Textus Receptus) read after σοῦ the words εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν, it is likely that copyists inserted them here from ver. 42, where they are firmly attested. If the clause had been original in the present verse, there is no adequate reason why it should have been omitted from a wide diversity of early witnesses (including BLW Ψ f 565 700 1241 syrpal copsa, arm geo al).
Source:
Metzger, B.M., United Bible Societies. (1994). A textual commentary on the Greek New Testament, second edition a companion volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament (4th rev. ed.) (p. 108). London; New York: United Bible Societies.
· Bruce Terry:
He mentioned the manuscripts supporting each reading, then chose the reading of deletion as the correct reading by placing it after the word TEXT, meaning the reading chosen as the original text. Then he said:
(The reading of addition is taken from verse 42, and there is no justification for deleting the paragraph if it was the original reading.)
A Student’s Guide to New Testament Textual Variants, Ralph Bruce Terry 1985
( Luke 1:28:
TEXT: “the Lord [is] with you!”
EVIDENCE: SBLW Psi f1 565 700 1241 syr(pal) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: B
NOTES: “the Lord [is] with you! Blessed are you among women!”
EVIDENCE: ACDKX Delta Theta Pi f13 28 33 892 1010 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn
COMMENTS: The words “Blessed are you among women!” seem to have been added here from verse 42. There is no good reason why they should have been omitted if they were original.)
· Jay Greene:-
(This paragraph is omitted from the Nestlé Aland Version, the Greek UPS Version, and the New American Revised Version Version)
(Luke 1:28 Hail thou that art highly favored = Greeting, one receiving grace-NOT full of grace, as the Roman Catholic Church has rendered it in order to exalt her into a co-mediatorship with Christ, and by this to teach that Mary the mother of Jesus should be worshiped the RC church also teaches that only by praying to Mary can anyone get to Jesus which surely is nothing short of blasphemy against our Savior God You are blessed among women-These precious words are omitted in the NU Greek, the NASB,)
Textual and translation notes on the gospels by Jay P. Green, Sr. Copyright 1994, Jay P. Green, Sr.
· Prof. Matthew B. Riddle, DD, and Prof. Philip
Schaff, D. D
wrote a marginal note that says:
(This paragraph is omitted from the best manuscripts.)
The best authorities omit this clause)
.
POPULAR COMMENTARY THE NEW TESTAMENT. BY ENGLISH AND AMERICAN SCHOLARS OF VARIOUS EVANGELICAL DENOMINATIONS. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS. / EDITED BY PHILIP SCHAFF, DD, LL. D., pg 342
· Henry Alford
The Greek New Testament with a Critical Revised Text, by Henry Alford, pg 443-444
after mentioning the evidence for each reading: (Additional reading taken from issue no. 42)
Joseph Maria Bouvier’s Critical Version
· Richard Wilson’s Critical Apparatus:
NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS, text type of manuscript, by curatore Richard Wilson
1Evidence supporting the reading of deletion: -
Alexandrian family evidence: א BL Ψ 1241 copsacopbo
- Alexandrian Caesarean evidence: Origen
- Byzantine Alexandrian evidence: 579
- Caesarean evidence: f1 565 arm geo
- Byzantine Caesarean evidence: 700
- Western evidence: W Jerome
- Byzantine evidence: l44m syrpal Paschal Chronicle de Promissionibus Epiphanius Hesychius John-Damascus Gregory-Nyssa Peter-Alexandria Ps-Gregory-Thaumaturgus Ps-Titus Quodvultdeus Serapion according to Cyril vid
(church liturgical book 144Palestinian Syriac - Pascha - Epiphanius - Hesychius - John of Damascus - Gregory of Nyssa - Peter of Alexandria - Pseudo-Gregory - Pseudo-Titus - Quodvultadeus of Carthage - Serapion)
σοῦ] Alex: א BL Ψ 1241 copsa copbo WH NRtext CEI Rivtext TILC Nv NM Alex/Cos: Origenlem Alex/Byz: 579 Cós: f1 565 arm geo Cos/Byz: 700 West: W Jerome Byz: l44m syrpal Paschal Chronicle de Promissionibus Epiphanius Hesychius John-Damascus Gregory-Nyssa Peter-Alexandria Ps-Gregory-Thaumaturgus Ps-Titus Quodvultdeus Serapion according to Cyril vid
σοῦ. [see Luke 1:42] f13 205 1424 geo Eusebius West: D 1292 1505 1646 ita itaur itb itc itd ittf itff2 itl itq itr1 vg Augustine Ambrose Ephraem Tertullian Byz: EGHK Θ Π 053 0135 0233 28 180 597 1009 1010 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 2148 2174 Byz Lect syrp syrh goth eth slav Africanus Ps-Athanasius Theodotus-Ancyravid ς ND Dio ?: Diatessaron
σοῦ. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξὶν and κοιλίας σου] (see Luke 1:42) Cos: 1071 Byz: l1074 Andrew-Crete
2Evidence supporting the reading of σοῦ. Blessed are you among women) :
- Alexandrian testimonies: Alex: A Δ 33 157 1006 1243 1342 copbo(mss) NRmg Rivmg
- Byzantine Alexandrian testimonies: CX 892
- Western testimonies: D 1292 1505 1646 ita itaur itb itc itd ite itf itff2 itl itq itr1 vg Augustine Ambrose Ephraem Tertullian
- Byzantine testimonies: EGHK Θ Π 053 0135 0233 28 180 597 1009 1010 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 2148 2174 Byz Lect syrp syrh goth eth slav Africanus Ps-Athanasius Theodotus-Ancyravid ς ND Dio ?: Diatessaron
3Evidences supporting the reading (Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb. Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb. (Kois ti)
- Caesarean testimonies: 1071
- Byzantine testimonies: Liturgical book 1074 - Andrew of Crete
·Net Bible Critical Version Commentary
Official Website
92tc Most mss (ACD Θ Th 13 33 D lat sy) read here εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν (euloghmenh su en gunaixin, “blessed are you among women”) which also appears in 1:42 (where it is textually certain). This has the earmarks of a scribal addition for balance; the shorter reading, attested by the most important witnesses and several others (BLW Ψ w1 565 579 700 1241 pc co), is thus preferred.
Translation with some modification:
(Most manuscripts add the phrase “Blessed are you among women,” which is also found in Luke 1:42. This passage shows clear signs of later addition, as it is the shorter reading and is the reading supported by the testimony of the most important manuscripts and others.)
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· Critical comments on several interpretations:
Link to browse the interpretations
https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/
(1) Comment by the famous interpreter Charles Ellicott:
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. LUKE.
Luke.
BY
THE VERY REV. EH PLUMPTRE, DD
(Blessed art thou among women.—The words are omitted in many of the best MSS.)
Translation:
(“Blessed are you among women.” These words are omitted from many of the best manuscripts.)
(2) Cambridge Bible Commentary:
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
“blessed art thou among women] These words are of dubious authenticity, being omitted by B and various versions. They may have been added from Luke 1:42. With this address comp. Jdg 6:12.”
Translation:
“Blessed are you among women. These words are of doubtful authenticity, omitted from the Vatican and many translations. They may be taken from Luke 1:42.”
(3) The interpretation of the evangelists:
Pulpit Commentary
“Blessed art thou among women. These words must be struck out; they do not exist in the older authorities.”
Translation:
“These words must be ignored, for they are not found in the older witnesses.”
(4) E.W. Bullinger’s Companion Bible Notes:
“blessed … women. Omitted by T [Tr.] A WH R. Probably brought here from Luke 1:42, where it is unquestioned.”
Translation:
“These words were omitted by Triggles, Westcott, and Hort, and were probably taken from and substituted for the text of 42.”
(5) John Damelus’ Commentary:
John Dummelow’s Commentary on the Bible
Blessed art thou among women] These words are omitted by many good authorities: see on Luke 1:42.
Translation:
“These words are omitted from many excellent testimonies.”
(6) Henrik Myers’ interpretation:
Heinrich Meyer’s Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
“εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυν.] is wanting in BL א, min. Copt. Sahid. Also, in some witnesses there has been added, καὶ εὐλογημένος ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου.”
Translation:
(This paragraph is omitted from the Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Regius, Coptic Sahidic, Armenian, Syriac, and John of Damascus. It was omitted by Tschendorf, and Griesbach doubted it. It is an addition from Luke 1:42. Some other witnesses add the phrase “and blessed is the fruit of your womb”)
(7) A. Robertson’s interpretation:
Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
(The oldest MSS. do not have “Blessed art thou among women” here, but in Luke 1:42.)
Translation:
“The oldest manuscripts do not add the phrase ‘blessed are you among women’ here, but only in Luke 1:42”
(8) Vincent’s Word Studies interpretation :-
(All the best texts omit blessed art thou among women.)
(All excellent manuscripts delete the phrase “blessed are you among women”)
(9) Philip Schaff’s interpretation:
(The Lord is with thee. This might mean’s ‘The Lord be with thee;’ an angelic benediction. But it is more probably a declaration of the Divine presence and blessing as already with her. The rest of the verse is to be rejected; comp. Luke 1:42, from which it was taken.)
Translation:
(The Lord is with you, which means an angelic prayer, and perhaps indicates a divine presence and blessing with it. The rest of the text is rejected as it is taken from Luke 1:42)
· A final word:
- There are no Latin manuscripts from the second century
- There is no manuscript called Assyrian
from the second century - There are no manuscripts of the Diatessaron from the second century - Not a single textual critic among the scholars who use the rule of chronological seniority as a rule of preference has ruled on the authenticity of the passage
- We want a single, certain rule by which we can know the correct reading.
Blessed be He who has not taken a son and has no partner in dominion and has no protector against humiliation. And glorify Him with great glorification.