• Introduction
• First Axis Responding to the Claim of Borrowing from Aristotle
• Differences Between the Qur’an and Aristotle
• Second Axis Responding to the Suspicion of Borrowing from Hippocrates
• Differences Between the Qur’an and Hippocrates
• Related

Then We made the sperm-drop into a clinging clot, then We made the clot into a lump of flesh, then We made the lump of flesh into bones, then We covered the bones with flesh; then We developed it into another creation. So blessed be Allah, the best of creators.

O mankind, if you are in doubt about the Resurrection - then indeed, We created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot, then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed…

Indeed, We created man from a sperm-drop mixture that We may try him; and We made him hearing and seeing.

• What is the first sign of the Hour?
• What is the first food of Paradise?
• Why does a child resemble the father or the mother?

The Prophet ﷺ answered:

If the man’s water precedes the woman’s water, the child resembles him; and if the woman’s water precedes the man’s water, the child resembles her. ))

This is a blatant lie.

The Prophet ﷺ was illiterate and could neither read nor write, so how could he quote Aristotle’s Greek books?

And you did not recite before it any scripture, nor did you inscribe it with your right hand…
(Al-‘Ankabut 48-49)
Was Prophet Muhammad Illiterate? Non-Islamic Sources on the Unlettered Prophet

We are an illiterate nation. We do not write nor calculate…

Show me its place.

Then he erased “Messenger of Allah” and wrote Muhammad ibn Abdullah.

The Messenger of Allah did not read, nor did he write.

The first translation of Aristotle into Arabic was in the ninth century AD by Hunayn ibn Ishaq.

Hunayn translated the books of the Greek sages into Arabic under al-Ma’mun.

Indeed We created man from a mixed sperm-drop.

• man’s semen
• woman’s semen

“The semen contributes nothing material to the embryo.”

Aristotle never described:

How would an illiterate Arab in Mecca master Greek?

• Possibly al-Batrik (8th century)
• More substantially Hunayn ibn Ishaq (9th century)

Before the 17th century embryological knowledge was based on Aristotle and Galen.

It is impossible to imagine the Prophet ﷺ quoting a buried Greek theory unknown in Arabia.

“Flesh begins to be formed with the descent and coagulation of the mother’s blood…”

Indeed We created man from a mixed sperm-drop.

“Bones grow hard as a result of coagulating heat…”

Then We created the sperm-drop into a clinging clot, then a lump of flesh, then bones, then clothed the bones with flesh…

• Aristotle does not match the Qur’an.
• Hippocrates does not match the Qur’an.
• Greek texts were inaccessible.
• Arabic translations came centuries later.
• The borrowing accusation collapses.

“It was already discovered by Aristotle / Hippocrates / Galen